SPOOLMARGIN / DATA
3D printer electricity cost by U.S. state
Data year 2024. The U.S. Energy Information Administration's 2024 annual average residential electricity price ranges from 11.51¢/kWh in North Dakota to 42.86¢/kWh in Hawaii, more than a 3.7x spread. The table converts those rates to one identical print so you can compare the dollar impact, rather than judging the rate difference alone.
| Rank (cheapest first) | State | 2024 price | Cost per 6-hr, 120 W print |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | North Dakota | 11.51¢/kWh | $0.08 |
| 2 | Idaho | 11.52¢/kWh | $0.08 |
| 3 | Nebraska | 11.53¢/kWh | $0.08 |
| 4 | Louisiana | 11.73¢/kWh | $0.08 |
| 5 | Washington | 11.9¢/kWh | $0.09 |
| 6 | Utah | 12.22¢/kWh | $0.09 |
| 7 | Oklahoma | 12.24¢/kWh | $0.09 |
| 8 | Arkansas | 12.32¢/kWh | $0.09 |
| 9 | Tennessee | 12.42¢/kWh | $0.09 |
| 10 | Wyoming | 12.47¢/kWh | $0.09 |
| 11 | Montana | 12.66¢/kWh | $0.09 |
| 12 | Kentucky | 12.79¢/kWh | $0.09 |
| 13 | South Dakota | 12.86¢/kWh | $0.09 |
| 14 | Missouri | 12.91¢/kWh | $0.09 |
| 15 | Mississippi | 13.39¢/kWh | $0.10 |
| 16 | Iowa | 13.4¢/kWh | $0.10 |
| 17 | Georgia | 14.08¢/kWh | $0.10 |
| 18 | North Carolina | 14.13¢/kWh | $0.10 |
| 19 | Florida | 14.14¢/kWh | $0.10 |
| 20 | Kansas | 14.15¢/kWh | $0.10 |
| 21 | New Mexico | 14.2¢/kWh | $0.10 |
| 22 | South Carolina | 14.23¢/kWh | $0.10 |
| 23 | Virginia | 14.41¢/kWh | $0.10 |
| 24 | Oregon | 14.7¢/kWh | $0.11 |
| 25 | Indiana | 14.77¢/kWh | $0.11 |
| 26 | Arizona | 14.91¢/kWh | $0.11 |
| 27 | Colorado | 14.92¢/kWh | $0.11 |
| 28 | Texas | 14.94¢/kWh | $0.11 |
| 29 | Nevada | 15¢/kWh | $0.11 |
| 30 | West Virginia | 15.07¢/kWh | $0.11 |
| 31 | Alabama | 15.18¢/kWh | $0.11 |
| 32 | Minnesota | 15.45¢/kWh | $0.11 |
| 33 | Illinois | 15.87¢/kWh | $0.11 |
| 34 | Ohio | 15.99¢/kWh | $0.12 |
| 35 | Delaware | 16.57¢/kWh | $0.12 |
| 36 | Wisconsin | 17.18¢/kWh | $0.12 |
| 37 | District of Columbia | 17.71¢/kWh | $0.13 |
| 38 | Pennsylvania | 17.77¢/kWh | $0.13 |
| 39 | Maryland | 17.86¢/kWh | $0.13 |
| 40 | Michigan | 19.3¢/kWh | $0.14 |
| 41 | New Jersey | 19.34¢/kWh | $0.14 |
| 42 | Vermont | 21.9¢/kWh | $0.16 |
| 43 | New Hampshire | 23.4¢/kWh | $0.17 |
| 44 | Maine | 24.29¢/kWh | $0.17 |
| 45 | New York | 24.43¢/kWh | $0.18 |
| 46 | Alaska | 24.82¢/kWh | $0.18 |
| 47 | Rhode Island | 28.65¢/kWh | $0.21 |
| 48 | Connecticut | 28.75¢/kWh | $0.21 |
| 49 | Massachusetts | 29.35¢/kWh | $0.21 |
| 50 | California | 31.97¢/kWh | $0.23 |
| 51 | Hawaii | 42.86¢/kWh | $0.31 |
Page reviewed 2026-10-05. Data source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA-861), 2024 annual averages. The 2024 data year is the newest state-level data loaded in this site; later years are not included, so treat these as 2024 figures.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA-861), state electricity profiles, 2024 annual average, residential sector. Machine-readable: /data/electricity-by-state.json.
Convert the rate to a job cost
A 120 W printer uses 0.12 kWh per hour. Six hours therefore uses 0.72 kWh, before failed prints. Multiplying 0.72 by the price in dollars per kWh gives the table's cost. At the 2024 national residential average of 16.32¢/kWh, that print costs $0.12. The difference between the lowest and highest state examples is $0.23 per six-hour print.
For 100 identical successful prints with no retries, that spread becomes $22.57. A 10% failed-attempt rate means budgeting 100 ÷ 0.90 attempts instead of 100; apply that multiplier to energy, filament, and machine time.
Choose the rate for your quote
Use your bill's applicable usage price or a measured effective rate when you have one. A residential annual state average is a fallback for an estimate, not a commercial tariff or a prediction of your next bill. Fixed monthly charges need a separate overhead allocation if your pricing must recover them; time-of-use pricing needs the rate for the hours you print.
Measure energy over a complete representative print and divide its kWh by print hours to estimate average draw. Heat-up and idle periods can change that average. Keep labor and machine cost in the quote: the state ranking describes electricity only.
Each state also has a reachable reference breakdown; the comparison table is the main page for choosing an electricity assumption.
Open the calculator with your own rate →